LLVM 19.0.0git
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llvm::Twine Class Reference

Twine - A lightweight data structure for efficiently representing the concatenation of temporary values as strings. More...

#include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"

Public Member Functions

Predicate Operations
bool isTriviallyEmpty () const
 Check if this twine is trivially empty; a false return value does not necessarily mean the twine is empty.
 
bool isSingleStringLiteral () const
 Check if this twine is guaranteed to refer to single string literal.
 
bool isSingleStringRef () const
 Return true if this twine can be dynamically accessed as a single StringRef value with getSingleStringRef().
 
String Operations
Twine concat (const Twine &Suffix) const
 
Output & Conversion.
std::string str () const
 Return the twine contents as a std::string.
 
void toVector (SmallVectorImpl< char > &Out) const
 Append the concatenated string into the given SmallString or SmallVector.
 
StringRef getSingleStringRef () const
 This returns the twine as a single StringRef.
 
StringRef toStringRef (SmallVectorImpl< char > &Out) const
 This returns the twine as a single StringRef if it can be represented as such.
 
StringRef toNullTerminatedStringRef (SmallVectorImpl< char > &Out) const
 This returns the twine as a single null terminated StringRef if it can be represented as such.
 
void print (raw_ostream &OS) const
 Write the concatenated string represented by this twine to the stream OS.
 
void dump () const
 Dump the concatenated string represented by this twine to stderr.
 
void printRepr (raw_ostream &OS) const
 Write the representation of this twine to the stream OS.
 
void dumpRepr () const
 Dump the representation of this twine to stderr.
 

Static Public Member Functions

Numeric Conversions
static Twine utohexstr (const uint64_t &Val)
 

Constructors

 Twine ()
 Construct from an empty string.
 
 Twine (const Twine &)=default
 
 Twine (const char *Str)
 Construct from a C string.
 
 Twine (std::nullptr_t)=delete
 Delete the implicit conversion from nullptr as Twine(const char *) cannot take nullptr.
 
 Twine (const std::string &Str)
 Construct from an std::string.
 
 Twine (const std::string_view &Str)
 Construct from an std::string_view by converting it to a pointer and length.
 
 Twine (const StringRef &Str)
 Construct from a StringRef.
 
 Twine (const StringLiteral &Str)
 Construct from a StringLiteral.
 
 Twine (const SmallVectorImpl< char > &Str)
 Construct from a SmallString.
 
 Twine (const formatv_object_base &Fmt)
 Construct from a formatv_object_base.
 
 Twine (char Val)
 Construct from a char.
 
 Twine (signed char Val)
 Construct from a signed char.
 
 Twine (unsigned char Val)
 Construct from an unsigned char.
 
 Twine (unsigned Val)
 Construct a twine to print Val as an unsigned decimal integer.
 
 Twine (int Val)
 Construct a twine to print Val as a signed decimal integer.
 
 Twine (const unsigned long &Val)
 Construct a twine to print Val as an unsigned decimal integer.
 
 Twine (const long &Val)
 Construct a twine to print Val as a signed decimal integer.
 
 Twine (const unsigned long long &Val)
 Construct a twine to print Val as an unsigned decimal integer.
 
 Twine (const long long &Val)
 Construct a twine to print Val as a signed decimal integer.
 
 Twine (const char *LHS, const StringRef &RHS)
 Construct as the concatenation of a C string and a StringRef.
 
 Twine (const StringRef &LHS, const char *RHS)
 Construct as the concatenation of a StringRef and a C string.
 
Twineoperator= (const Twine &)=delete
 Since the intended use of twines is as temporary objects, assignments when concatenating might cause undefined behavior or stack corruptions.
 
static Twine createNull ()
 Create a 'null' string, which is an empty string that always concatenates to form another empty string.
 

Detailed Description

Twine - A lightweight data structure for efficiently representing the concatenation of temporary values as strings.

A Twine is a kind of rope, it represents a concatenated string using a binary-tree, where the string is the preorder of the nodes. Since the Twine can be efficiently rendered into a buffer when its result is used, it avoids the cost of generating temporary values for intermediate string results – particularly in cases when the Twine result is never required. By explicitly tracking the type of leaf nodes, we can also avoid the creation of temporary strings for conversions operations (such as appending an integer to a string).

A Twine is not intended for use directly and should not be stored, its implementation relies on the ability to store pointers to temporary stack objects which may be deallocated at the end of a statement. Twines should only be used as const references in arguments, when an API wishes to accept possibly-concatenated strings.

Twines support a special 'null' value, which always concatenates to form itself, and renders as an empty string. This can be returned from APIs to effectively nullify any concatenations performed on the result.

Implementation

Given the nature of a Twine, it is not possible for the Twine's concatenation method to construct interior nodes; the result must be represented inside the returned value. For this reason a Twine object actually holds two values, the left- and right-hand sides of a concatenation. We also have nullary Twine objects, which are effectively sentinel values that represent empty strings.

Thus, a Twine can effectively have zero, one, or two children. The

See also
isNullary(),
isUnary(), and
isBinary() predicates exist for testing the number of children.

We maintain a number of invariants on Twine objects (FIXME: Why):

These invariants are check by

See also
isValid().

Efficiency Considerations

The Twine is designed to yield efficient and small code for common situations. For this reason, the concat() method is inlined so that concatenations of leaf nodes can be optimized into stores directly into a single stack allocated object.

In practice, not all compilers can be trusted to optimize concat() fully, so we provide two additional methods (and accompanying operator+ overloads) to guarantee that particularly important cases (cstring plus StringRef) codegen as desired.

Definition at line 81 of file Twine.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Twine() [1/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( )
inline

Construct from an empty string.

Definition at line 262 of file Twine.h.

References assert().

Referenced by concat(), createNull(), and utohexstr().

◆ Twine() [2/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const Twine )
default

◆ Twine() [3/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const char Str)
inline

Construct from a C string.

We take care here to optimize "" into the empty twine – this will be optimized out for string constants. This allows Twine arguments have default "" values, without introducing unnecessary string constants.

Definition at line 273 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [4/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( std::nullptr_t  )
delete

Delete the implicit conversion from nullptr as Twine(const char *) cannot take nullptr.

◆ Twine() [5/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const std::string &  Str)
inline

Construct from an std::string.

Definition at line 287 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [6/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const std::string_view &  Str)
inline

Construct from an std::string_view by converting it to a pointer and length.

This handles string_views on a pure API basis, and avoids storing one (or a pointer to one) inside a Twine, which avoids problems when mixing code compiled under various C++ standards.

Definition at line 296 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [7/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const StringRef Str)
inline

Construct from a StringRef.

Definition at line 304 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [8/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const StringLiteral Str)
inline

Construct from a StringLiteral.

Definition at line 311 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [9/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const SmallVectorImpl< char > &  Str)
inline

Construct from a SmallString.

Definition at line 319 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [10/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const formatv_object_base Fmt)
inline

Construct from a formatv_object_base.

Definition at line 327 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), and LHS.

◆ Twine() [11/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( char  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct from a char.

Definition at line 334 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [12/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( signed char  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct from a signed char.

Definition at line 339 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [13/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( unsigned char  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct from an unsigned char.

Definition at line 344 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [14/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( unsigned  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct a twine to print Val as an unsigned decimal integer.

Definition at line 349 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [15/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( int  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct a twine to print Val as a signed decimal integer.

Definition at line 354 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [16/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const unsigned long &  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct a twine to print Val as an unsigned decimal integer.

Definition at line 359 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [17/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const long &  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct a twine to print Val as a signed decimal integer.

Definition at line 364 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [18/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const unsigned long long &  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct a twine to print Val as an unsigned decimal integer.

Definition at line 369 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [19/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const long long &  Val)
inlineexplicit

Construct a twine to print Val as a signed decimal integer.

Definition at line 374 of file Twine.h.

References LHS.

◆ Twine() [20/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const char LHS,
const StringRef RHS 
)
inline

Construct as the concatenation of a C string and a StringRef.

Definition at line 384 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), LHS, and RHS.

◆ Twine() [21/21]

llvm::Twine::Twine ( const StringRef LHS,
const char RHS 
)
inline

Construct as the concatenation of a StringRef and a C string.

Definition at line 393 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), LHS, and RHS.

Member Function Documentation

◆ concat()

Twine llvm::Twine::concat ( const Twine Suffix) const
inline

◆ createNull()

static Twine llvm::Twine::createNull ( )
inlinestatic

Create a 'null' string, which is an empty string that always concatenates to form another empty string.

Definition at line 407 of file Twine.h.

References Twine().

◆ dump()

LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void Twine::dump ( ) const

Dump the concatenated string represented by this twine to stderr.

Definition at line 178 of file Twine.cpp.

References llvm::dbgs(), and print().

◆ dumpRepr()

LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void Twine::dumpRepr ( ) const

Dump the representation of this twine to stderr.

Definition at line 182 of file Twine.cpp.

References llvm::dbgs(), and printRepr().

◆ getSingleStringRef()

StringRef llvm::Twine::getSingleStringRef ( ) const
inline

This returns the twine as a single StringRef.

This method is only valid if isSingleStringRef() is true.

Definition at line 473 of file Twine.h.

References assert(), isSingleStringRef(), LHS, and llvm_unreachable.

Referenced by llvm::sys::path::native(), and toStringRef().

◆ isSingleStringLiteral()

bool llvm::Twine::isSingleStringLiteral ( ) const
inline

Check if this twine is guaranteed to refer to single string literal.

Definition at line 434 of file Twine.h.

◆ isSingleStringRef()

bool llvm::Twine::isSingleStringRef ( ) const
inline

Return true if this twine can be dynamically accessed as a single StringRef value with getSingleStringRef().

Definition at line 440 of file Twine.h.

Referenced by getSingleStringRef(), llvm::sys::path::native(), and toStringRef().

◆ isTriviallyEmpty()

bool llvm::Twine::isTriviallyEmpty ( ) const
inline

Check if this twine is trivially empty; a false return value does not necessarily mean the twine is empty.

Definition at line 429 of file Twine.h.

Referenced by llvm::sys::path::append(), llvm::MCContext::getELFSection(), and llvm::MCContext::getWasmSection().

◆ operator=()

Twine & llvm::Twine::operator= ( const Twine )
delete

Since the intended use of twines is as temporary objects, assignments when concatenating might cause undefined behavior or stack corruptions.

◆ print()

void Twine::print ( raw_ostream OS) const

Write the concatenated string represented by this twine to the stream OS.

Definition at line 164 of file Twine.cpp.

References OS.

Referenced by dump(), and toVector().

◆ printRepr()

void Twine::printRepr ( raw_ostream OS) const

Write the representation of this twine to the stream OS.

Definition at line 169 of file Twine.cpp.

References OS.

Referenced by dumpRepr().

◆ str()

std::string Twine::str ( ) const

◆ toNullTerminatedStringRef()

StringRef Twine::toNullTerminatedStringRef ( SmallVectorImpl< char > &  Out) const

This returns the twine as a single null terminated StringRef if it can be represented as such.

Otherwise the twine is written into the given SmallVector and a StringRef to the SmallVector's data is returned.

The returned StringRef's size does not include the null terminator.

Definition at line 37 of file Twine.cpp.

References llvm::SmallVectorTemplateCommon< T, typename >::data(), llvm::SmallVectorTemplateBase< T, bool >::pop_back(), llvm::SmallVectorTemplateBase< T, bool >::push_back(), llvm::SmallVectorBase< Size_T >::size(), str(), and toVector().

◆ toStringRef()

StringRef llvm::Twine::toStringRef ( SmallVectorImpl< char > &  Out) const
inline

◆ toVector()

void Twine::toVector ( SmallVectorImpl< char > &  Out) const

◆ utohexstr()

static Twine llvm::Twine::utohexstr ( const uint64_t Val)
inlinestatic

Definition at line 416 of file Twine.h.

References LHS, RHS, and Twine().

Referenced by decodeBBAddrMapImpl(), llvm::BlockCoverageInference::dump(), llvm::AppleAcceleratorTable::dump(), llvm::DWARFDebugNames::Abbrev::dump(), llvm::DWARFDebugNames::NameIndex::dump(), llvm::DWARFDebugNames::Entry::dumpParentIdx(), llvm::DWARFYAML::emitDebugRanges(), llvm::AsmPrinter::emitDwarfDIE(), llvm::SystemZAsmPrinter::emitFunctionEntryLabel(), llvm::BTFTypeBase::emitType(), llvm::BTFTypeInt::emitType(), llvm::BTFTypeStruct::emitType(), llvm::BTFTypeEnum64::emitType(), llvm::objcopy::elf::ELFWriter< ELFT >::finalize(), llvm::objcopy::elf::BinaryWriter::finalize(), llvm::objcopy::elf::ASCIIHexWriter::finalize(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::getEntry(), getGlobalSymtabLocAndSize(), llvm::object::XCOFFObjectFile::getImportFileTable(), llvm::object::getLoaderSecSymNameInStrTbl(), llvm::object::XCOFFObjectFile::getRawData(), llvm::object::XCOFFObjectFile::getSectionContents(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::getSectionContentsAsArray(), llvm::object::XCOFFObjectFile::getSectionFileOffsetToRawData(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::getSectionName(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::getSegmentContents(), llvm::object::XCOFFObjectFile::getStringTableEntry(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::getVersionDefinitions(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::getVersionDependencies(), llvm::object::XCOFFSymbolRef::isFunction(), llvm::object::ExportEntry::moveNext(), llvm::object::MachORebaseEntry::moveNext(), llvm::object::MachOBindEntry::moveNext(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::notes_begin(), llvm::ELFAttributeParser::parseAttributeList(), llvm::ELFAttributeParser::parseSubsection(), llvm::DemandedBits::print(), llvm::MCExpr::print(), llvm::object::WasmSymbol::print(), llvm::MipsAsmPrinter::PrintAsmOperand(), llvm::logicalview::LVElement::printLinkageName(), llvm::MCSectionELF::printSwitchToSection(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::program_headers(), readULEB128As(), llvm::object::XCOFFObjectFile::relocations(), llvm::StructuralHashPrinterPass::run(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::sections(), llvm::symbolize::toHex(), llvm::object::ELFFile< ELFT >::toMappedAddr(), llvm::AMDGPUPALMetadata::toString(), llvm::objcopy::macho::MachOWriter::write(), and llvm::objcopy::xcoff::XCOFFWriter::write().


The documentation for this class was generated from the following files: